What’s the difference between men’s and women’s lungs?

Women’s lungs are smaller than those of men.  Before you say “I knew it,” I want to tell you something surprising: the lungs are smaller in women even when we adjust for smaller size of women’s bodies.  Furthermore, women have lower levels of hemoglobin, the molecule in the blood that carries oxygen to tissues.  Lower hemoglobin levels might seem to require larger lung volume, to compensate for the reduced amount of oxygen circulating through the lungs. But women’s lungs are smaller, not larger and we don’t know why.